What was dwight eisenhower




















The two men were extremely different. They often disagreed, although Eisenhower, as the junior officer, still had to carry out the general's orders. Despite their different styles, Eisenhower stayed with MacArthur when he moved to the Philippines in to organize and train the army of the Philippine Commonwealth.

These training exercises, in which more than , troops participated, revealed Eisenhower's talent for strategic planning and earned him a promotion to brigadier general. Marshall, a keen but stern judge of military ability who rarely spoke words of praise. Promotions and critical assignments followed quickly.

The next year, he directed the invasions of Sicily and Italy. In only a few years, Eisenhower had risen from an obscure lieutenant colonel to a four-star general in charge of one of the greatest military forces in history. By dealing sympathetically with Allied leaders, Eisenhower achieved the cooperative effort that enabled him to launch the D-Day invasion of Normandy, June 6, His terse decision, "Okay, let's go," despite the chance of poor weather won admiration from the Allied leaders and the troops that risked—and gave—their lives on the beaches of Normandy.

After Germany's surrender in May , Eisenhower received a hero's welcome at victory ceremonies in several Allied capitals, including Washington, D. Yet peace also brought controversy for Eisenhower in his role as the commander of U.

He endured criticism for allowing the Red Army to liberate Berlin in the final days of fighting. Eisenhower, however, thought he made the right decision, as he adhered to previous agreements about how far troops should advance and avoided unnecessary casualties to the forces he commanded.

Eisenhower had to take an unpopular step when he relieved his old friend George Patton as military governor of Bavaria because of the general's violation of orders against using former Nazis in government positions. Eisenhower also adhered strictly to a provision of the Yalta agreements that he return all Soviet citizens in the U. Eisenhower had clear views on what became one of the most controversial decisions that a President has ever made, when President Harry S.

Truman authorized the use of the atomic bomb against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After news of the test in the New Mexico desert of the first atomic bomb reached U.

Stimson that the bomb was unnecessary, as Japan was on the verge of surrender. Eisenhower also feared that the first use of atomic weapons in combat would tarnish the image of the United States at the very moment when its prestige was at an all-time high.

But Truman accepted the counsel of other advisers, who, unlike Eisenhower, had been at the center of discussion about the war in the Pacific, and authorized the Army Air Forces to drop whatever bombs were available—then two—as soon as possible. At the end of , Eisenhower returned to Washington, D. He served in that capacity for two years and made important decisions to transform the wartime Army into a force prepared for the Cold War.

After retiring from the position of chief of staff, he wrote a popular memoir of his wartime experiences, Crusade in Europe.

He served as the president of Columbia University, beginning in , although he returned occasionally to Washington to serve as informal chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as they discussed how to apportion service roles and missions in the nuclear age and how to allocate defense funds that fell short of their requirements.

Soon after war broke out in Korea, Eisenhower returned to uniform as the first Supreme Commander of NATO forces in Europe, the "most important military job in the world today. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James A. In December of that year, he was promoted to five-star rank. After Germany's surrender in , he was made military governor of the U. Occupied Zone.

Eisenhower then returned home to Abilene and received a hero's welcome. A few months later, he was appointed U. Army chief of staff. In , he was elected president of Columbia University, a position he held until December of when he decided to leave Columbia to accept an appointment as first Supreme Allied Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

In Eisenhower retired from active service and returned to Abilene to announce his candidacy for the Republican Party nomination. On November 4, , after winning the election by a landslide, Eisenhower was elected the United States' 34th president. In foreign policy, Eisenhower made reducing Cold War tensions through military negotiation a main focus of his administration.

In he orchestrated an armistice that brought peace to South Korea's border. The United States and Russia had both recently developed atomic bombs, and the speech promoted applying atomic energy to peaceful uses, rather than using it for weaponry and warfare. In , Eisenhower met with Russian, British and French leaders at Geneva to further quell the threat of atomic war.

In Eisenhower was a reelected to a second term, winning by an even wider margin than in his first election, despite the fact that he had just recently recovered from a heart attack. Over the course of his second term, Eisenhower continued to promote his Atoms for Peace program. In his second term, he also grappled with crises in Lebanon and the Suez. Accomplishments during his two terms include creating the U.

Information Agency, and establishing Alaska and Hawaii as states. Eisenhower also supported the creation of the Interstate Highway System during his time in office. Poised to leave office in January of , Eisenhower gave a televised farewell address in which he warned the nation against the dangers of the Cold War "military-industrial complex.

Following his presidency, Eisenhower retired to a farmhouse in Gettysburg with his wife, Mamie. Although he had resigned his commission as a general when he became president, when he left office his successor, President Kennedy, reactivated his commission.

He also kept an office at Gettysburg College for the remainder of his life, where he held meetings and wrote his memoirs. In addition to a state funeral in the nation's capital, a military funeral was held in Eisenhower's beloved hometown of Abilene, Kansas. Watch "Dwight D. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Meade, Maryland. January 2, Doud Dwight, three years old, died after contracting scarlet fever. Served in various capacities in Maryland and Colorado until August Leavenworth, Kansas; graduated first in a class of , June 18, Benning, Georgia.

Ord, California, and then permanently to Ft. Lewis, Washington as regimental executive. Lewis until March Lewis, until June Sam Houston, Texas. August 30, Appointed Brigadier General permanent and was promoted to Major General permanent on the same date.

December 20, Promoted to General of the Army 5 stars. Occupied Zone, Frankfurt, Germany. April 11, Wartime rank of General of the Army converted to permanent rank. Forces, Europe. May 31, Retired from active service, and resigned his commission July Kennedy, Eisenhower returned to active list of regular Army with rank of General of the Army from December January March Maintained office at Gettysburg College and residence at his farm near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

August The family moved to Cedar Rapids, Iowa. At age six, she moved with her family to Pueblo, Colorado, and then to Colorado Springs. This house remained in the family until after the death of Mamie's mother in Mamie Doud attended Denver public schools for her elementary education.

Eisenhower while visiting friends at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. The Douds had rented a house in San Antonio for the winter.



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